Study identification  (Include author, title, year of publication, journal title, pages)

Guideline topic: 

Key Question No:

Before completing this checklist, consider:

• Is the paper really a cohort study? If in doubt, check the study design algorithm available from SIGN and make sure you have the correct checklist.
• Is the paper relevant to key question? Analyse using PICO (Patient or Population Intervention Comparison Outcome). IF NO REJECT (give reason below). IF YES complete the checklist..

Reason for rejection: 1. Paper not relevant to key question □   2. Other reason □  (please specify):

Checklist completed by: 

In a well conducted cohort study:

1.1

The study addresses an appropriate and clearly focused question.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

Selection of subjects

1.2

The two groups being studied are selected from source populations that are comparable in all respects other than the factor under investigation.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.3

The study indicates how many of the people asked to take part did so, in each of the groups being studied.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.4

The likelihood that some eligible subjects might have the outcome at the time of enrolment is assessed and taken into account in the analysis.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.5

What percentage of individuals or clusters recruited into each arm of the study dropped out before the study was completed.

1.6

Comparison is made between full participants and those lost to follow up, by exposure status.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

ASSESSMENT

1.7

The outcomes are clearly defined.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.8

The assessment of outcome is made blind to exposure status.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.9

Where blinding was not possible, there is some recognition that knowledge of exposure status could have influenced the assessment of outcome.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.10

The measure of assessment of exposure is reliable.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.11

Evidence from other sources is used to demonstrate that the method of outcome assessment is valid and reliable.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

1.12

Exposure level or prognostic factor is assessed more than once.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

CONFOUNDING

1.13

The main potential confounders are identified and taken into account  in the design and analysis.

Well covered
Adequately addressed
Poorly addressed

Not addressed
Not reported
Not applicable

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

1.14

Have confidence intervals been provided?

Section 2:  OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY

2.1

How well was the study done to minimise the risk of bias or confounding, and to establish a causal relationship between exposure and effect?
Code ++, +, or -

2.2

Taking into account clinical considerations, your evaluation of the methodology used, and the statistical power of the study, are you certain that the overall effect is due to the study intervention?

2.3

Are the results of this study directly applicable to the patient group targeted in this guideline?

2.4

Notes. Summarise the authors conclusions. Add any comments on your own assessment of the study, and the extent to which it answers your question.

The following section is provided for non-SIGN users of this checklist and is being developed to conform to the standards set by the Guidelines International Network Evidence Tables Working Group.
Members of SIGN guideline groups do not need to complete this section.

Section 3:   description OF THE STUDY
PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY

3.1

Do we know who the study was funded by?

□ Academic Institution  □ Healthcare Industry
□ Government  □ NGO  □ Public funds  □ Other

3.2

How many centres are patients recruited from?

3.3

From which countries are patients selected? (Select all those involved. Note additional countries after “Other”)

□ Scotland  □ UK  □ USA  □ Canada
□ Australia  □ New Zealand  □ France  □ Germany
□ Italy  □ Netherlands  □ Scandinavia  □ Spain
□ Other:

3.4

What is the social setting (ie type of environment in which they live) of patients in the study?

□  Urban  □ Rural  □ Mixed

3.5

What criteria are used to decide who should be INCLUDED in the study?

3.6

3.7

What intervention or risk factor is investigated in the study? (Include dosage where appropriate)

3.8

What comparisons are made in the study (ie what alternative treatments are used to compare the intervention/exposure with). Include dosage where appropriate.

3.9

What methods were used to randomize patients, blind patients or investigators, and to conceal the randomization process from investigators?

3.10

How long did the active phase of the study last?

3.11

How long were patients followed-up for, during and after the study?

3.12

List the key characteristics of the patient population. Note if there are any significant differences between different arms of the trial.

3.13

Record the basic data for each arm of the study. If there are more than four arms, note data for subsequent arms at the bottom of the page.

Arm 1:
Treatment:
Sample size:
No. analysed
With outcome:
Without outcome:

Arm 2:
Treatment:
Sample size:
No. analysed
With outcome:
Without outcome>
Primary outcome?

Arm 3:
Treatment:
Sample size:
No. analysed
With outcome:
Without outcome>
Primary outcome?

Arm 4:
Treatment:
Sample size:
No. analysed
With outcome:
Without outcome
Primary outcome?

3.14

Record the basic data for each IMPORTANT outcome in the study. If there are more than four, not data for additional outcomes at the bottom of the page.

Outcome 1:
Value:
Measure:
P value
Upper CI
Lower CI
Primary outcome?

Outcome 2:
Value:
Measure:
P value
Upper CI
Lower CI
Primary outcome?

Outcome 3:
Value:
Measure:
P value
Upper CI
Lower CI
Primary outcome?

Outcome 4:
Value:
Measure:
P value
Upper CI
Lower CI
Primary outcome?

3.15

Notes. Summarise the authors conclusions. Add any comments on your own assessment of the study, and the extent to which it answers your question. {Much of this is likely to be contributed by GDG members).