![[SIGN thistle header]](../../../images/page-header-template.jpg)
1 US Department
of Health and Human Services. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
Acute Pain Management: operative or medical procedures and trauma. Rockville
(MD): The Agency; 1993. Clinical Practice Guideline No.1. AHCPR Publication
No.92-0023. p.107![]()
2 Rantanen
AV. The age of eruption of the third molar teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 1967;
25: suppl 48.![]()
3 Song F, Landes
DP, Glenny AM, Sheldon TA. Prophylactic removal of impacted third molars:
an assessment of published reviews. NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination,
University of York, October 1996.
[section
1.1] [section 1.2] [section
1.4] [section 2]
4 Von Wowern
N, Neilson HO. The fate of impacted lower third molars after the age of 20.
A four-year clinical follow up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 18: 277-80.
[section
1] [section 2] [section
3]
5 Levesque
GY, Demirjian A, Tanguay R. Sexual dimorphism in the development, emergence,
and agenesis of the mandibular third molar. J Dent Res 1981, 60: 1735-41.![]()
6 Garcia RI,
Chauncey HH. The eruption of third molars in adults: a 10 year longitudinal
study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1989; 68: 9-13.![]()
7 Royal College
of Surgeons of England Faculty of Dental Surgery. The management of patients
with third molar teeth: report of a working party convened by the Faculty
of Dental Surgery, The Royal College of Surgeons of England. London: Faculty
of Dental Surgery RCS (Eng); 1997. (Current clinical practice and parameters
of care).
[section
1.1] [section 1.2] [section
1.5] [section 2.2.3] [section
3.2.4] [section 3.2.8] [section
5]
8 Hugoson A,
Kugelberg CF. The prevalence of third molars in a Swedish population. An epidemiological
study. Community Dent Health 1988, 5: 121-38.![]()
9 Brickley
M, Shepherd J, Mancini G. Comparison of clinical treatment decisions with
US National Institutes of Health consensus indications for lower third molar
removal. Br Dent J 1993; 175: 102-5.![]()
10 Sadler A,
Davidson M, Houpis C, Watt-Smith S. Specialist practice for minor oral surgery:
a comparative audit of third molar surgery. Br Dent J 1993; 174: 273-7.![]()
11 Shepherd
JP, Brickley M. Surgical removal of third molars. BMJ 1994; 309: 620-1.
[section
1] [section 2]
12 Carmichael
FA, McGowan DA. Incidence of nerve damage following third molar removal: a
West of Scotland Oral Surgery Research Group study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1992; 30: 78-82.
[section
1] [section 5.6] [section
5.7.2]
13 Shepherd
JP. The third molar epidemic. Br Dent J 1993; 174: 85.![]()
14 Scottish
Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). SIGN Guidelines: an introduction
to SIGN methodology for the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines.
Edinburgh: SIGN; 1999 (SIGN publication no. 39).![]()
15 NHS Centre
for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York. Prophylactic removal of
impacted third molars: is it justified? Effectiveness Matters 1998; 3: 2.![]()
16 British
Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons. Pilot clinical guidelines.
London, January 1995.
[section
1] [section 2] [section
3]
17 Mercier
P, Precious D. Risks and benefits of removal of impacted third molars. A critical
review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992; 21: 17-27.![]()
18 Parameters
of care for Oral and Maxillofacial surgery: a guide for practice, monitoring
and evaluation (AAOMS Parameters of Care -95) J Oral and Maxillofacial Surg
1995; 53 supp.
[section
2.1.1] [section 2.2.2]
[section 2.2.5] [section
3]
19 Blackburn
CW, Bramley PA. Lingual nerve damage associated with the removal of lower
third molars. Br Dent J 1989; 167: 103-7.![]()
20 Goldberg
MII, Nemerich AN, Marco WP. Complications after third molar surgery: a retrospective
study. Int J Oral Surg 1985; 14: 29-40. ![]()
21 Rood JP,
Murgatroyd J. Metronidazole in the prevention of 'dry socket'. Br J Oral Surg
1979; 17: 62-70.
[section
2] [section 3]
22 Rood JP,
Shehab BA. The radiological predication of inferior alveolar nerve injury
during third molar surgery. B J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 28: 20-5.
[section
2] [section 4]
23 Rud J.
Third Molar Surgery: relationship of root to mandibular canal and injuries
to inferior dental nerve. Tandlaegebladet 1983; 87: 619-31.![]()
24 Howe GL,
Poynton HG. Prevention of damage to the inferior dental nerve during the extraction
of mandibular third molars. Br Dent J 1960; 109: 355-63.![]()
25 Peterson
LJ. Rationale for removing impacted teeth: when to extract or not to extract.
J Am Dent Assoc 1992; 123: 198-204.
[section
2.1.1] [section 2.1.2]
26 Robinson
PD. The impacted wisdom tooth: to remove or to leave alone? Dental Update.
1994; 21: 245-8.![]()
27 Venta I,
Turtola L, Ylipaavalniemi P. Change in clinical status of third molars in
adults during 12 years of observation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57: 386-9.
![]()
28 Bruce RA,
Frederickson GC, Small GS. Age of patients and morbidity associated with mandibular
third molar surgery. J Am Dent Assoc 1980; 101: 240-5.![]()
29 Eliasson
S, Heimdahl A, Nordenram A. Pathological changes related to long-term impaction
of third molars. A radiographic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 18:
210-2.
[section
2] [section 4]
30 Lysell
L, Rohlin M. A study of indications used for removal of the mandibular third
molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988; 17: 161-4.
[section
2] [section 3.1.1]
[section 3.2.1]
31 NIH consensus
development conference for removal of third molars. J Oral Surg 1980; 38:
235-6.
[section
2.1.3] [section 2.2.2]
[section 2.2.5] [section
3] [section 5.8]
32 Osborn
TP, Frederickson G, Small IA, Togerson TS. A prospective study of complications
related to mandibular third molar surgery. J Oral Surg 1985; 43: 767-9.![]()
33 Richardson
M. Changes in the lower third molar position in the young adult. Am J Orthod
Dentofac Orthop 1992; 102: 320-7.![]()
34 AAOMS.
Report of a workshop on the management of patients with third molar teeth.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 52: 1102-12.
[section
2] [section 3.2.2]
[section 3.2.5]
35 Mason DA.
Lingual nerve damage following third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Surg 1988; 17: 290-4.![]()
36 Toth B.
The appropriateness of prophylactic extraction of impacted third molars: a
review of the literature. Bristol: University of Bristol, Health Care Evaluation
Unit; 1993.![]()
37 Leone SA,
Edenfield MJ, Cohen ME. Correlation of acute pericoronitis and the position
of the mandibular third molar. Oral Surg 1986; 62; 245-50.![]()
38 Piironen
J, Ylipaavalniemi P. Local predisposing factors and clinical symptoms in pericoronitis.
Proc Finn Dent Soc 1981; 77: 278-82.![]()
39 Nordenram
A, Hultin M, Kjellman U, Ramstrom G. Indications for surgical removal of third
molars. Study of 2630 cases. Swed Dent J 1987; 11: 23-9.![]()
40 van der
Linden W, Cleaton-Jones P, Lownie M. Diseases and lesions associated with
third molars. Review of 1001 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol
Endod 1995; 79: 142-5.![]()
41 Kugelberg
CF, Ahlstrom U, Ericson S, Hugoson A, Kvint S. Periodontal healing after impacted
lower third molar surgery in adolescents and adults. A prospective study.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991; 20: 18-24.
[section
3] [section 5]
42 Glosser
JW, Campbell JH. Pathologic change in soft tissues associated with radiographically
'normal' third molar impactions. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 37: 259-60.
[section
3] [section 4]
43 Knights
EM, Brokaw WC, Kesslar HP. The incidence of dentigerous cysts associated with
a random sampling of unerupted third molars. General Dentistry 1991; 39: 96-8.![]()
44 Nitzan
D, Keren T, Marmary Y. Does an impacted tooth cause root resorption of the
adjacent one? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981; 51; 221-4.![]()
45 Harradine
NW, Pearson MH, Toth B. The effect of extraction of third molars on late lower
incisor crowding: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Orthod 1998; 25:117-22.![]()
46 Ades AG,
Joondeph DR, Little RM, Chapko MK. A long-term study of the relationship of
third molars to changes in the mandibular dental arch. Am J Orthod Dentofacial
Orthop 1990; 97: 323-5.![]()
47 Bergstrom
K, Jensen R. Responsibility of third molar for secondary crowding. Dental
Abstracts 1961; 6: 544-5.![]()
48 Bramante
MA. Controversies in orthodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1990; 34 : 91-102.![]()
49 Linquist
B, Thilander B. Extraction of third molars in cases of anticipated crowding
of the lower jaw. Am J Orthod 1982; 81: 130-9.![]()
50 Richardson
ME. The role of the third molar in the caurse of late lower arch crowding:
a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989; 95: 79-83.![]()
51 Shanley
LS. The influence of mandibular third molars on mandibular anterior teeth.
Am J Orthod 1962; 48: 786-7.![]()
52 Southard
TE, Southard KA, Weeda LW. Mesial force from unerupted third molars. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991; 99: 220-5.![]()
53 Southard
TE. Third molars and incisor crowding: when removal is unwarranted. J Am Dent
Assoc 1992; 123: 75-9.![]()
54 Stephens
RG, Kogon SL, Reid JA. The unerupted or impacted third molar - a critical
appraisal of its pathologic potential. J Can Dent Assoc 1989; 55: 201-7.![]()
55 Schwarze
CW. The influence of third molar germectomy: a comparative long-term study.
In: Cook JT ed Trans 3rd Int, Orthodontic Congress London, Crosby Lockwood
Staples 1975; 551-62.![]()
56 Vasir NS,
Robinson RJ. The mandibular third molar and late crowding of the mandibular
incisors - a review. Br J Orthod 1991; 18: 59-66.![]()
57 Vego L.
A longitudinal study of mandibular arch perimeter. Angle Orthod. 1962; 32:
187-92.![]()
58 Rubin MM,
Koll TJ, Sadoff RS. Morbidity associated with incompletely erupted third molars
in the line of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 48: 1045-7.![]()
59 Williams
JLL, Rowe & Williams. Fractures of the facial skeleton. Edinburgh, Churchill
Livingstone, 1994.![]()
60 Shah J.
Head & Neck Surgery, London: Wolfe; 1996.![]()
61 Stanley
HR, Alatter M, Collett WM, Stringfellow HR Jr, Spiegel EH. Pathological sequelae
of "neglected" impacted third molars. J Oral Pathol 1988; 17: 113-7.![]()
62 Nuno Gonzale
MM, Llarena del Rosario ME. Estudio radiografico de al fromacien y calcificacion
del tercer molar. Practica Odontologica 1990; 11: 27-8.![]()
63 Venta I,
Murtommaa H, Turtola L, Meurman J, Ylipaavalniemi P. Assessing the eruption
of lower third molars on the basis of radiographic features. Br J Oral Maxillofac
Surg 1991; 29: 259-62.![]()
64 White SC.
1992 assessment of radiation risk from dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac
Radiol 1992; 21: 118-26.![]()
65 Faculty
of General Dental Practitioners (UK). Selection criteria for dental radiography.
London: Faculty of General Dental Practitioners; 1998.![]()
66 Lecomber
AR, Faulkner K. Dose reduction in panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol
1993; 22: 69-73.![]()
67 National
Radiological Protection Board. Guidelines on radiology standards for primary
dental care. Chilten (Oxon): The Board; 1994.![]()
68 Stafne
EC. Oral roentgenographic diagnosis. Philadelphia & London: WB Saunders;
1958.![]()
69 Kahl B,
Gerlach KL, Hilgers RD. A long-term, follow-up, radiographic evaluation of
asymptomatic impacted third molars in orthodontically treated patients. Int
J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 23: 279-85.![]()
70 Brocklebank
L. Dental radiology: understanding the x-ray image. Oxford: Oxford University
Press;1997 pp74-92.![]()
71 Brocklebank
LM. Assessment of the radiographic image: recognition of normal features.
Dent Update 1998; 25: 343-50.![]()
72 Layton
S, Korsen J. Informed consent in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a study of
the value of written warnings. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 32: 34-6.
[section
5.1] [section 5.2] [section
5.8]
73 Royal College
of Surgeons of England, Commission on the Provision of Surgical Services.
Guidelines for day case surgery: report of the Working Party. London: The
College. March 1992.
[section
5.2] [section 5.6.1]
74 General
Dental Council, UK. Maintaining Standards. Guidance to Dentists on Professional
and Personal Conduct. Section 4.7 Resuscitation, sections 4.17-4.24 General
Anaesthesia. November 1997, revised May 1999.![]()
75 Robinson
PP, Smith KG . Lingual nerve damage during lower third molar removal: a comparison
of two surgical methods. Br Dent J 1996; 180: 456-61.![]()
76 McGurk
M, Haskell R. Wisdom tooth removal and lingual nerve damage. Br J Oral Maxillofac
Surg 1999; 37: 253-4.![]()
77 Leonard
MS. Removing third molars: a review for the general practitioner. J Am Dent
Assoc 1992; 123: 77-8.![]()
78 Haskell
R. Medico-legal consequences of extracting lower third molar teeth. Med Prot
Soc Ann Report 1986; 51-2.![]()
79 Piecuch
JF, Arzadon J, Lieblich SE. Prophylactic antibiotics for third molar surgery:
a supportive opinion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53: 53-60.![]()
80 Worrall
SF. Antibiotic prescribing in third molar surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1998; 36: 74-5.![]()
81 Seymour
RA, Ward-Booth P, Kelly PJ. Evaluation of different doses of soluble ibuprofen
and ibuprofen tablets in postoperative dental pain. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1996; 34: 110-4.![]()
82 Holland
CS. The influence of methylprednisolone on post-operative swelling following
oral surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg1987; 25: 293-9.![]()
83 Neupert
LA, Lee JW, Philput CB, Gordon JR. Evaluation of dexamethasone for reduction
of postsurgical sequelae of third molar removal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;
50: 1177-82.![]()
84 Esen E,
Tasar F, Akhan O. Determination of the anti-inflammatory effects of methylprednisolone
on the sequelae of third molar surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57: 1201-8.![]()
85 Chiapasco
M, De Cicco L, Marrone G. Side effects and complications associated with third
molar surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993; 76: 412-20.![]()
86 Larsen
PE. Alveolar osteitis after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third
molars. Identification of the patient at risk. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1992;
73: 393-7.![]()
87 Sands T,
Pynn BR, Nenniger S. Third molar surgery: current concepts and controversies.
Part 2. Oral Health 1993; 83: 19.![]()
88 Robinson
PP, Smith KG. A study on the efficacy of late lingual nerve repair. Br J Oral
Maxillofac Surg 1996; 34: 96-103.
[section
5.6.2] [section 5.7.2]
89 Pratt CA,
Hekmat M, Pratt SD, Zaki GA, Barnard JDW. Controversies in third molar surgery
- the national view on review strategies. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;
35: 319-22.![]()
90 Savin J,
Ogden GR. Third molar surgery - a preliminary report on aspects affecting
quality of life in the early postoperative period. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1997; 35: 246-53.![]()
91 Ogden GR,
Bissias E, Ruta DA, Ogston S. Quality of life following third molar removal:
a patient versus professional perspective. Br Dent J 1998; 185: 407-10.![]()