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133 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Management of patients with stroke. II: Management of carotid stenosis and carotid endarterectomy. Edinburgh: SIGN, 1997. (SIGN publication no. 14.)

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137 Dyslipidaemia Advisory group, on behalf of the scientific committee of the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. 1996 National Heart Foundation clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of dyslipidaemia. NZ Med J 1996; 109: 224-31.

138 Scotttish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Lipids and the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. SIGN, Edinburgh 1998.

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142 Levine M, Hirsh J, Gent M, Arnold A, Warr D, Falanga A, et al. Double-blind randomized trial of very low-dose warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer. Lancet 1994; 343: 886-9.

143 Hirsh J, Dalen JE, Fuster V, Harker LB, Patrono C, Roth G. Aspirin and other platelet-active drugs. The relationship among dose, effectiveness and side-effects. Chest 1995; 108: 247s-257s. [section 11.1.1] [section 11.1.2] [section 11.1.4] [section 11.3]

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146 Weil J, Colin-Jones D, Langman M, Lawson D, Logan R, Murphy M, et al. Prophylactic aspirin and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding. BMJ 1995; 310: 827-30.

147 Roderick PJ, Wickes HC, Meade TW. The gastrointestinal toxicity of aspirin: an overview of randomised controlled trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 35: 219-26.

148 Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Jurgelon JM, Sheehan J, Koff RS, Shapiro S. Risk of aspirin-associated major upper-gastrointestinal bleeding with enteric-coated or buffered product. Lancet 1996; 348: 1413-6.

149 Meade TW, Roderick PJ, Brennan PJ, Wilkes HC, Kelleher CC. Extra-cranial bleeding and other symptoms due to low dose aspirin and low intensity oral anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 1-6. [section 11] [section 13]

150 British Committee for Standards in Haematology, Working Party of the Blood Transfusion Task Force. Guidelines for platelet transfusions. Transfus Med 1992; 2: 311-8.

151 Hawkey CJ. Drug-induced gastrointestinal disorders. Medicine 1998; 26(10): 122-5.

152 Hirsh J, Raschke R, Warkentin TE, Dalen JE, Deykin D, Poller L. Heparin: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing considerations, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 1995; 108: 258s-275s. [section 12.1] [section 12.1.1] [section 12.2]

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154 British National Formulary. London: BMA; 1998. [section 12] [section 13]

155 Boneu B. Low molecular weight heparin therapy: is monitoring needed? Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 330-4.

156 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Helicobacter Pylori: Eradication Therapy in Dyspeptic Disease. SIGN, Edinburgh 1996.

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158 Oates A, Jackson PR, Austin CA, Channer KS. A new regimen for starting warfarin in out-patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 157-61.

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162 Bernardo A. Experience with patient self-management of oral anticoagulation. J Thrombos Thrombolys 1996; 2: 321-5.

163 Joint Working Group on Quality Assurance. Guidelines on the control of near-patient tests and procedures performed on patients by non-pathology staff. In: Roberts BE, Wood K, editors. Standard haematology practice. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1994. p278-9.

164 Cortelazzo S, Finazzi G, Viero P, Galli M, Remuzzi A, Parenzan L, et al. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prosthesis attending an anticoagulation clinic. Thromb Haemost 1993; 69: 316-20.

165 Katsuki T, Saito M, Noda T, Yaginuma T, Hosoda S. Long-term follow-up in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy: potency of therapy and complications. J Cardiol 1994; 24: 203-9.

166 Hylek EM, Singer DE. Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 897-902.

167 Fihn SD, McDonell M, Martin D, Henikoff J, Vermes D, Kent D, et al. Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation. A multicenter study. Warfarin optimized outpatient follow-up study group. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 511-20.

168 Franke CL, de Jonge J, van Swieten JC, Op de Coul AA, van Gijn J. Intracerebral hematomas during anticoagulant treatment. Stroke 1990; 21: 726-30.

169 Routledge PA. Management of bleeding induced by oral anticoagulants. Prescr Journal 1993; 33: 59-63.

170 Shetty HG, Backhouse G, Bentley DP, Routledge PA. Effective reversal of warfarin-induced excessive anticoagulation with low dose vitamin K1. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67: 13-5.

171 Taberner DA, Thomson JM, Poller L. Comparison of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K1 in oral anticoagulant reversal. BMJ 1976; 2: 83-5.

172 Andersen P, Godal HC. Predictable reduction in anticoagulant activity of warfarin by small amounts of vitamin K. Acta Med Scand 1975; 198: 269-70.

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174 Park BK, Scott AK, Wilson AC, Haynes BP, Breckenridge AM. Plasma disposition of vitamin K1 in relation to anticoagulant poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18: 655-62.

175 Fredriksson K, Norrving B, Stromblad LG. Emergency reversal of anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1992; 23: 972-7.

176 Makris M, Greaves M, Philips WS, Kitchen S, Rosendaal FR, Preston FE. Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 477-80.

177 Loken S, Allen JE, Stults BM. Special problems in anticoagulation therapy: cancer and venous thromboembolism-temporary discontinuation of warfarin for surgery and invasive procedures. J Thrombos Trombolys 1996; 2: 289-93.

178 Kearon C, Hirsh J. Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1506-11.

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180 Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Gray DR, Sax MJ, Ruffalo RL. Retrospective evaluation of a pharmacist-managed warfarin anticoagulation clinic. Am J Hosp Pharm 1985; 42: 304-8. [section 13] [section 14]

181 Radely SA, Hall J. The establishment and evaluation of a pharmacist-developed anticoagulation clinic. Pharmaceut J 1994; 252: 91-2. [section 13] [section 14]

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183 Tan G, Cohen H, Taylor F, Gabbay J. Audit of start of anticoagulation treatment in inpatients. J Clin Pathol 1993; 46: 67-71. [section 14] [section 15] [annex 1] [annex 2]

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186 Sudlow M, Thomson R, Thwaites B, Rodgers H, Kenny RA. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and eligibility for anticoagulants in the community. Lancet 1998; 352: 1167-71.